Fig. 5

Transplantation of hADSC tissue sheet improves cardiac function. a The study protocol of the animal experiment and the evaluation of cardiac function and histological analysis are depicted. b Representative long-axis M-mode echocardiography images of the hADSC tissue sheet group and MI group are shown. c, d LVEF and LVFS assessed by echocardiography in the Sham group, hADSC tissue sheet group, and MI group before MI, before transplantation (week 0, baseline), and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks post-MI, respectively (Sham group, n = 4; hADSC tissue sheet group, n = 7; MI group, n = 5). The results are presented as mean ± SD. Significance was determined using Student’s t test. ***p < 0.001. Bonferroni and Holm multiple comparison tests were performed to determine the significance of specific comparisons within the same group between week 1, 2, 3, 4 and week 0 (baseline). ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01. LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; MI: myocardial infarction; SD: standard deviation