Fig. 10

Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokines for identification of inflammatory response in oral ulcer. (A) Representative microscopic image of IL-1β. (B) Representative microscopic image of ARG-1. (C) Comparative analysis of quantification data of positively stained regions in IHC staining for IL-1β. The sham group consistently showed higher IL-1β on Day 3 and Day 7. Conversely, the group treated with hTMSCs and Hydrogel + hTMSCs showed consistently lowered expression of IL-1β, particularly on Day 7. (D) Comparative analysis of quantification data of positively stained regions in IHC staining for ARG-1. On Day 3, the groups treated with hTMSCs were higher compared to both sham and Hydrogel-treated groups. On Day 7, only the hTMSCs-treated group showed significantly higher expression of ARG-1 compared to the sham group. P values are *P ≤ 0.05 and **P ≤ 0.01. by one-way ANOVA-Turkey’s multiple comparisons tests (n = 3)