Figure 2
From: Challenges in identifying the best source of stem cells for cardiac regeneration therapy
Beneficial effect of stem cells in ischaemic heart disease. CSC, cardiac stem cell; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; EPO, erythropoietin; FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor 2; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IL, interleukin; MCP-1, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1; TB4, thymosin beta-4; TMP, transmembrane protease; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; VEGF, .