Figure 1From: Enhancement of periodontal tissue regeneration by transplantation of osteoprotegerin-engineered periodontal ligament stem cells Schematic illustration of the generation of alveolar bone defects and transplantation of the tissue-engineered complex. (A) The exposed rabbit alveolar bone. (B) Bone defects using a high-speed surgical bur supplemented with copious sterile saline water irrigation. (C) The defect (10 × 5 × 4 mm) prepared in alveolar bone. (D) The tissue-engineered bone complex combined with or without periodontal ligament stem cells inside alveolar bone defect. (E) Collagen membranes were placed to cover the implants and defects. (F) The defects were closed with sutures.Back to article page