Figure 1

Effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) on mRNA expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (A) ASCs were cultured in serum-free low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with or without LPS in low concentration (0.5 ng/mL) for 24 hours and analyzed for mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (B) Conditioned media (CM and LPS-CM) were collected, concentrated 25-fold, and analyzed for IL-6 concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Values represent mean ± standard deviation of four independent experiments (P <0.05). *P <0.05. CM, conditioned medium; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.