Figure 6

Proposed mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharide-conditioned medium (LPS-CM) induces liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized mice. It can be postulated that the LPS-preconditioned secretome releases a variety of mediators-including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor—from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) by way of intracellular nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) activation. These mediators promote hepatocyte proliferation by way of various signaling pathways, including IL-6/STAT3 signaling. JAK, Janus kinase; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4.