Fig. 4From: CXCL14 and MCP1 are potent trophic factors associated with cell migration and angiogenesis leading to higher regenerative potential of dental pulp side population cellsThe trophic effects of conditioned medium (CM) of pulp, bone marrow, and adipose CD31− side population (SP) cells in vitro. a The proliferative effect analyzed by using Tetra-color one® (*P < 0.01 versus 0.2 % bovine serum albumin (BSA)-treated). b The migratory effect analyzed by TAXIScan-FL® (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, versus adipose; †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01, versus bone marrow; ## P < 0.01, versus 0.2 % BSA-treated). c The anti-apoptotic activities. The relative percentages of viable and apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Note the significantly higher anti-apoptotic effect of pulp CD31− SP cells compared with CM from bone marrow and adipose CD31− SP cells (## P < 0.01, versus non-treated; **P < 0.01, versus pulp CM). d-g The angiogenic effect compared among the three CM analyzed by immunocytochemistry with vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin. h Ratio of VE-cadherin-positive cell numbers to the total cell numbers. (**P < 0.01). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three determinations. The experiments were repeated three times. Only one representative experiment is presented. AD, Adipose; BM, Bone marrow; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factorBack to article page