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Fig. 4 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: CXCL14 and MCP1 are potent trophic factors associated with cell migration and angiogenesis leading to higher regenerative potential of dental pulp side population cells

Fig. 4

The trophic effects of conditioned medium (CM) of pulp, bone marrow, and adipose CD31− side population (SP) cells in vitro. a The proliferative effect analyzed by using Tetra-color one® (*P < 0.01 versus 0.2 % bovine serum albumin (BSA)-treated). b The migratory effect analyzed by TAXIScan-FL® (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, versus adipose; † P < 0.05, †† P < 0.01, versus bone marrow; ## P < 0.01, versus 0.2 % BSA-treated). c The anti-apoptotic activities. The relative percentages of viable and apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Note the significantly higher anti-apoptotic effect of pulp CD31− SP cells compared with CM from bone marrow and adipose CD31− SP cells (## P < 0.01, versus non-treated; **P < 0.01, versus pulp CM). d-g The angiogenic effect compared among the three CM analyzed by immunocytochemistry with vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin. h Ratio of VE-cadherin-positive cell numbers to the total cell numbers. (**P < 0.01). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three determinations. The experiments were repeated three times. Only one representative experiment is presented. AD, Adipose; BM, Bone marrow; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor

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