Fig. 3

Cytokine profile. The cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, and TGF-β1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cellular-free supernatants of T-cell lines generated in the absence or presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at an MSC-to-T cell ratio of 1:20 and of MSCs cultured alone. The measurements were performed in duplicate, and the results are given as median ± standard deviation. The white panels indicate the use of T cells from healthy mucosa, the light grey panels indicate the use of T cells from non-inflamed mucosa, the dark grey panels indicate the use of T cells from inflamed mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease, and the black panels indicate the use of MSC cultured alone. For comments, see the text. P values are as in Fig. 1. ctr-TCL control T-cell line, IFN-γ interferon-gamma, IL interleukin, MSC-T T-cell lines obtained in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells, TGF-β1 transforming growth factor-beta 1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha