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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Impaired osteogenesis in Menkes disease-derived induced pluripotent stem cells

Fig. 3

Maturation of MD-MSCs by extended culture. a Bright-field microscopy images of MD-MSCs. MD1- and MD2-MSCs were matured by long-term culture for 5 weeks. Scale bars = 500 μm. b Expression of MSC surface antigen markers. After long-term culture, CD105-positive cells were increased in MD1- and MD2-MSCs. Gating strategy for this analysis is summarized in Additional file 3 (Figure S2). c Growth curves of WT- and MD-MSCs. Each symbol indicates the number of cells at each day of culture. The data are presented as the mean ± SE (n = 4). d Viability of WT- and MD-MSCs. Absorbance data of MD-MSCs obtained from a viability assay (see the Materials and Methods section) are expressed as relative to the WT-MSCs. The data are presented as the mean ± SE (n = 3). e Apoptosis of WT- and MD-MSCs. The percentage of early apoptotic cells (annexin+ and PI−) and late apoptotic cells (annexin+ and PI+) of WT- and MD-MSCs are depicted on a graph. The data are presented as the mean ± SE (n = 2). f Cell cycle analysis of WT- and MD-MSCs. Cell cycle distributions of WT- and MD-MSCs were determined by FACS analysis. The percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2/M) was quantified and depicted as a graph. The data are presented as the mean ± SE (n = 2). MD1/2 Menkes disease patient 1/2, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, PI propidium iodide, wk weeks, WT wild type

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