Fig. 1

TNFα increases mEPSC frequency and amplitude in cortical neurons. a Examples of voltage-clamp recordings of mEPSCs from cultured cortical neurons in control conditions, upon treatment with TNFα (100 ng/ml 30 min) or in the presence of TNFα and neutralizing Abs (0.5 μg/ml; R&D Systems) (calibration bars: 20 pA, 200 ms). b, c Group data of average mEPSC amplitude and frequency in untreated (n = 15), TNFα-treated (n = 13), and TNFα plus neutralizing Ab-treated (n = 10) cells. A significant increase in average mEPSC amplitude and frequency is produced by TNFα, completely blocked by neutralizing anti -TNFα Abs (P < 0.05). All data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical test: one-way analysis of variance, Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Ab antibody, mEPSC miniature excitatory post-synaptic current, TNFα tumor necrosis factor alpha