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Table 1 Gene Ontology analysis based on immunomodulatory function-associated genes upregulated in high-density MSC cultures (>90 %)

From: Strategies to improve the immunosuppressive properties of human mesenchymal stem cells

Gene Ontology Category_Biological Process

Total number of genes

Number of upregulated genes

Enrichment

P value

GO:0005576_extracellular region

21,529

91

17.89

<0.001

GO:0022610_biological adhesion

6813

37

8.31

<0.001

GO:0002253_activation of immune response

1360

6

3.87

0.016

GO:0016477_cell migration

5281

14

3.53

<0.001

GO:0042981_regulation of apoptosis

7116

26

2.1

<0.001

GO:0006955_immune response

6130

23

1.81

0.0012

GO:0050920_regulation of chemotaxis

598

3

1.79

0.084

GO:0048771_tissue remodeling

632

5

1.67

0.001

GO:0001558_regulation of cell growth

1805

8

1.32

0.033

GO:0042611_MHC protein complex

759

4

1.05

0.063

  1. Microarray analysis was performed to compare the gene expression profiles of MSCs that were seeded at a density of 200 and 5000 cells/cm2, which were around 50 % and 90 % confluent on day 7, respectively. Upregulated genes in MSC cultures seeded at a density of 5000 cells/cm2 were sorted on the basis of gene expression profiles (fold change > 2 and P value < 0.05) and classified according to their related biological processes based on Gene Ontology terms by using DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7
  2. MSC mesenchymal stem cell, DAVID Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery