Fig. 6
From: Mesenchymal stem cells stabilize the blood–brain barrier through regulation of astrocytes
MSCs modulate VEGF-A through anti-inflammatory action of microglia. Using coculture of astrocyte and BV 2 cells, LPS treatment significantly increased IL-1β expression in BV 2 cells and VEGF-A expression in astrocytes. However, MSC treatment significantly decreased the expressions of these proteins with an increase in IL-10 levels a (n = 3). *p <0.05, **p <0.01. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that MSC treatment attenuated LPS-induced increased in immunoreactivities of IL-1β in BV 2 cells b and VEGF-A in astrocytes c. Scale bar: 20 μm. DAPI 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, IL interleukin, LPS lipopolysaccharide, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor