Fig. 4

Aspirin promotes BMSC-based calvarial bone regeneration in mini swine. Calvarial bone specimens, treated with nothing a, HA/TCP b, HA/TCP + BMSC c or HA/TCP + BMSC-aspirin d, were retrieved six months postsurgery. Sections were stained with H&E e-l. Images were captured at the lower e-h and higher magnification i-l. Semi-quantitative analysis of the percentage of new bone formation between different groups was based on the results of H&E staining m. The results are representative of at least three independent experiments. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and statistical significance is shown as (*) p < 0.05 or (**) p < 0.01. Scale bars = 1 cm in e-h; scale bars = 100 μm in i-l. B bone, HA hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, CT connective tissues, BMSC bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, H & E hematoxylin and eosin