Fig. 5

Effects of MSC- and NCSC-secretome on RAW264.7 macrophages migration and metabolic activity in vitro. We evaluated the chemoattractive properties of MSC and NCSC secretome by placing RAW264.7 macrophages on the top of a 5 μm-filter, with MSC-CM, ^LPSMSC-CM, NCSC-CM or ^LPSNCSC-CM in the bottom chamber (a). After 20 h, migration rate was assessed by the evaluation of the filter area occupied by macrophages. Passive migration was observed in response to serum-free DMEM (b, h), but drastically increased in response to LPS (c, h). MSC-CM slightly increased macrophage migration (d, h), but ^LPSMSC-CM was more efficient (e, h). NCSC-CM did not significantly induce macrophage migration (f, h), while ^LPSNCSC-CM also increased it (g, h). MTS metabolic assay also showed that ^LPSMSC-CM and ^LPSNCSC-CM increased the metabolic activity of RAW264.7 cells i (n = 3, one-way ANOVA and HSD post-test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Scale bar = 50 μm. MSC mesenchymal stem cell, NCSC neural crest stem cell, CM conditioned medium, LPS lipopolysaccharide, DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, ANOVA analysis of variance, HSD honestly significant difference