Fig. 3

Effects of MSC on CXCR3 expression and function. a Activated CD3⁺ lymphocytes were cultured in the absence or in the presence of MSC in TW, and the mRNA expression of CXCR3 was evaluated by qPCR. Data (mean ± SD) are reported as fold induction with respect to controls after normalization for GAPDH mRNA. b In the same experimental conditions, the proportion of CXCR3 on T-cell membrane was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results are expressed as mean percentage ± SD obtained from six independent experiments. c Fluorescence histograms of CXCR3-labeled CD3⁺ cells cultured in TW for 48 hours with or without MSC (4:1 ratio) in the presence of plate–bound αCD3/αCD28. Results are expressed as median percent of positive cells. d Chemotaxis of activated CD3⁺ cells cultured with MSC at 4:1 ratio in response to either CXCL10 or medium alone. Activated vs. N.A. cells, *p ≤0.01, **p ≤0.001, ***p ≤0.0001; MSC-treated vs. MSC-untreated cells, $p ≤0.01, $$p ≤0.001, $$$p ≤0.0001. MSC mesenchymal stem cells, N.A. PBMC in resting conditions