Table 6 Detailed data of clinical trials in progress or completed using different natural scaffolds

Collagen

MAGNUM

Human mononuclear bone marrow stem cells

Completed with 20 patients

10 months

No adverse related events, 1 point reduction of New York Heart Association functional class, 26 % reduction of LV end-diastolic volume, 22 % improvement of LV filling deceleration time, 50 % increase of scar thickness, 26 % enhancement of EF

[37, 38]

Fibrin

ESCORT

hESC

Recruiting patients

–

Study the number and nature of adverse events (clinical/biological abnormalities, arrhythmias and cardiac or extracardiac tumors). Test feasibility and efficacy of the scaffold in cardiac function recovery

NCT02057900

Alginate

AUGMENT-HF

–

Completed with 6 patients

3 months

Increase of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire from 39.4 to 74, number of patients with New York Heart Association class III/IV reduced from 6 to 1. No improves in EF and LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes

[111]

Gelatin

ALCADIA

Human cardiac-derived stem cells+bFGF

Completed with 6 patients

6 months

12 % increase in LV EF, 3.3 % decrease of infarct size, maximal aerobic exercise capacity enhanced by 4.5 ml/kg/min

[145], NCT00981006

SIS

–

–

Enrolling participants (by invitation only)

–

Evaluate scaffold safety and beneficial effects in heart function

NCT02139189