Table 1 Strategies to enhance efficiency of MSC-based treatment
From: The challenges and promises of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for use as a cell-based therapy
Study | Method | Experimental model | In vitro or in vivo | Cell types | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maccario et al. [64] | Combination cyclosporine and MSCs | – | In vitro | Human BM-MSCs | Enhancement of the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs |
Buron et al. [65] | Combination mycophenolate acid and MSCs | – | In vitro | Human BM-MSCs | Enhancement of the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs |
Ge et al. [48] | Combination rapamycin and MSCs | Allogeneic cardiac transplantation (mouse) | In vivo | Mouse BM-MSCs | Attenuation of alloimmune responses and promotion of cardiac allograft tolerance |
Peng et al. [49] | Combination tacrolimus and MSCs | Allogeneic renal transplantation (human) | In vivo | Human BM-MSCs | Induction of donor-specific graft tolerance and maintaining long-term graft survival and function |
de la Garza-Rodea et al. [53] | MSCs transfected with US11 gene from HCMV | NOD/SCID (mouse) | In vivo | Human BM-MSCs | Down-regulation of MHC class I surface expression and preventing rejection of xenogeneic MSCs |
Soland et al. [66] | MSCs transfected with US6 gene and US11 gene from HCMV | In utero transplantation of fetuses (sheep) | In vivo | Human fetal liver-derived MSCs | Decreasing recognition of MSCs by the immune system and enhancing engraftment of MSC-US11 and MSC-US6 in fetal sheep liver |
Levy et al. [67] | MSCs transfected with IL-10 gene | Inflammation of ears (mouse) | In vivo | Mouse BM-MSCs | Improvement of immunosuppressive properties and anti-inflammatory effect |
Sullivan et al. [54] | MSCs transfected with Ctla4ig gene | Inflammatory arthritis (mouse) | In vivo | Mouse BM-MSCs | Improvement of the homing and delaying the onset of inflammatory arthritis |
Chen et al. [55] | MSCs transduced with Cxcr-4 gene | Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (mouse) | In vivo | Mouse BM-MSCs | Promoting recovery of HSCs and hematopoietic organs |
Eliopoulos et al. [56] | Epo gene enhanced MSCs | Acute renal injury (mouse) | In vivo | Mouse BM-MSCs | Augmenting the protective properties of MSCs and increasing the survival rate of mouse |
Yuan et al. [59] | Combination MSCs and hydrogels | Normal rabbit | In vivo | Rabbit BM-MSCs | Augmenting the isolation from the host immune system and attenuating severe immune rejection |
Dhingra et al. [58] | Combination MSCs and biodegradable hydrogels that slowly released PGE2 | Myocardial infarction (rat) | In vivo | Rat BM-MSCs | Preventing rejection of implanted MSCs and restoring cardiac function |
Sarkar et al. [57] | MSCs engineered with PLGA particles containing dexamethasone | – | In vitro | Human BM-MSCs | Controlling the differentiation of particle-carrying cells |
Ko et al. [68] | MSCs coated with PPG followed by antibodies to ICAM-1 | – | In vitro | Mouse BM-MSCs | Promoting the attachment of MSCs to endothelial cells |
Sarkar et al. [69] | MSCs engineered with lipid vesicles to present biomolecular ligands | – | In vitro | Human BM-MSCs | Immobilizing adhesion ligands and promoting the homing of MSCs |