Fig. 5

Characterization of hESC-derived venous and arterial endothelial cells. a Profiles of transcripts related to endothelial, arterial and venous phenotypes among Ven-ECs and Art-ECs derived from H1-hESCs, H9-hESCs and primary cells (PC: HUVECs and HCAECs). Gene expression levels were normalized to corresponding β-ACTIN values and are represented as relative to undifferentiated hESCs. b Representative photomicrographs of H1-Ven-ECs, H1-Art-ECs, H9-Ven-ECs, H9-Art-ECs, HUVECs, and HCAECs show the cobblestone morphology of ECs under phase contrast microscopy, and immunofluorescence images demonstrate the expression of pan-endothelial markers CD31, VE-Cadherin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF), uptake of Dil-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) and formation of cord-like structures over Matrigel (Green-CalceinAM). Scale bars = 150 μm. Error bars show standard deviation; n ≥ 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Art-EC Arterial endothelial cells, HCAEC Human coronary artery endothelial cells, hESC Human embryonic stem cells, HUVEC Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Ven-EC Venous endothelial cells