Table 1 Differences between the cell cycle machinery of β cells and ES cells
From: The cell cycle as a brake for β-cell regeneration from embryonic stem cells
| Cell cycle machinery | Beta cells | ES cells | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cdk2 | Expressed but no functional importance | Critical for ES cell maintenance and considered the primary Cdk | [20, 42, 85] |
| Cdk4 | Critical for β-cell development | Not expressed in ES cells | [22, 25, 43, 57, 58] |
| Cdk6 | Not expressed | Expressed at high levels | [22, 86] |
| Cyclin D1 | Expressed at high levels | Expressed at low levels | [62] |
| Cyclin D2 | Critical for development and highly expressed | Not expressed in ES cells | [62, 63] |
| Cyclin E | Expressed but no importance | Critical for maintaining the pluripotent state of ES cells | [50, 51, 87, 88] |