Fig. 5

Multilineage differentiation assay of SHED P4 and TERT-SHED P20. Calcium deposition around cells was stained red by Alizarin Red S (a and e) after induction; adipose droplets in cells were stained orange by Oil Red O after adipogenic induction (b and f); proteoglycans in cells were stained blue by Toluidine blue after chondrogenic induction (c and g). The expression of osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation markers were examined using real-time PCR and standardized according to that of control culture (d and h). TERT-SHED P20 showed similar osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation to SHED P4. Scale bar = 50 μm. P passage, SHED stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase