Fig. 6

In-vitro differentiation potential of iPMSCs. a β-TCP was used for in-vivo osteogenic differentiation. b Differentiated iPMSCs effectively adhered to and proliferated on the scaffold. c H & E staining shows the structure of osteogenic tissue formed in vivo 2 months after implantation. d Masson Trichrome staining shows the collagen fibers in the tissue. e Von Kussa staining confirms the presence of matrix mineralization. f HLA-ABC immunohistochemistry staining confirmed the osteogenic tissue originated from human cells. g PGA was used for in-vivo adipogenic differentiation. h Reprogrammed fibroblasts were seeded on a PGA scaffold and cultured in the adipogenic induction medium for 3 weeks. Induced fibroblasts effectively adhered to and proliferated on the porous PGA scaffold. i H & E staining show the structure of adipogenic tissue formed in vivo 2 months after implantation. j Lipid vacuoles were observed. Arrow indicates the undegraded PGA scaffold in vivo. k H & E staining for adipogenic tissue originated from human cells. l HLA-ABC immunohistochemistry staining confirmed the adipogenic tissue originated from human cells. m HLA-ABC immunohistochemistry staining of the teratomas confirmed it originated from human cells (① endoderm, ② mesoderm, ③ ecoderm). n Teratoma formation from subcutaneous injection of iPMSCs into NOD/SCID mice. Tissues from endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm were formed in the teratomas (shown by H & E staining, ① endoderm, ② mesoderm, ③ ectoderm)