Fig. 8

Proposed model for tumor-suppressive effects of ES-CMs. Some factors secreted by ES cells could efficiently suppress Stat3 pathway activation in breast cancer cells. The Stat3 signaling pathway regulates the expression of E-cadherin, Vegf, c-Myc, and Mmp, and is then involved in cancer cell growth, survival, invasion, and migration. MMP matrix metalloproteinase, Stat3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor