Fig. 5

Intercellular exchange of MSCs. a Explanatory schema of the various MSCs in this experiment (n = 3 × 4 groups). b Experimental protocol for the in-vitro experiments. d-MSCs were cocultured with c-MSCs or d-MSCs for 24, 48, and 72 hours to analyze intercellular exchanges between MSCs. c Typical image of MSCs with mitochondria exchange. MSC-GFP(+), green; MSC-mito(+), red. d, e d-MSCs stained (red) for visualization of mitochondria were placed into direct coculture with c-MSCs stained with GFP (green). The mitochondria from the c-MSCs moved actively to the d-MSCs. Scale bar, 50 μm. White arrows show the intercellular exchanges in early stage. c-MSC control MSC, DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, d-MSC diseased MSC, GFP green fluorescent protein, i.p. intraperitoneal, i.v. intravenous, MRONJ medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, MSC mesenchymal stem cell