Fig. 3

Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the newly formed bone after 8 weeks of transplantation. a The un-decalcified craniums were stained with van Gieson’s picrofuchsin. The new bone area and tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) residue are shown in red and black, respectively. b Quantitative analysis of (a). Dunnett t test; *p < 0.05 compared with the β-TCP group, ^# p < 0.05 compared with the exosome (Exos) 5 × 10¹¹ particles/mL group. c The sections were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to inspect the distribution of OCN. OCN-positive immunostaining illustrated the bone tissues. Scale bars = 80 μm