Table 3 Intrahepatic animal stem cell tracking studies with reporter genes
From: Noninvasive in-vivo tracing and imaging of transplanted stem cells for liver regeneration
Study | Species (n) | Animal model | Cell type | Reporter genes | Reporter probe | Delivery/number of cells infused | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duan et al., 2007 [45] | Mice (12) | NOD-SCID model | Xenogeneic EPCs | Luc | BLI | Directly intrahepatic into parenchyma/105 | Detection of luminescent stem cells for at least 1 week |
Boeykens et al., 2013 [46] | Rats (13) | PHx of MCD-induced steatotic liver model | Allogeneic BMSCs | Luc | BLI | Portal vein and tail vein/106 | Detection of luminescent stem cells for 24 hours Intraportal cell injection was superior to intravenous cell injection for homing capacity |
Di Rocco et al., 2012 [48] | Mice (32) | CCl4-induced ALF model | Autologous AD-MSCs | Fluc | BLI | Intrasplenic injection/105 | Luciferase-positive cells were visible for 2 months Labeled cells exhibited a hepatocyte-like morphology and AFP expression was detected at injured sites |
Li et al., 2009 [49] | Mice (unknown) | CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis model | Allogeneic BMSCs | EGFP | FLI | Tail vein/106 | Labeled cells were detected for up to 6 weeks The presence of double-positive cells for EGFP and α-SMA in the fibrous liver demonstrated the homing ability of BMSCs to damaged tissue and differentiation potential into myofibroblasts |
Song et al., 2004 [51] | Mice (unknown) | PHx-induced liver injury model | Autologous LPCs | GFP | FLI | Intrasplenic injection/106 | GFP-positive cells could be visualized for up to 18 weeks, and accounted for 40–50 % of regenerative hepatocytes |
Knoop et al., 2011 [52] | Mice (47) | Huh7-induced HCC model | Xenogeneic BMSCs | NIS | 123I (γ-camera) 124I (PET) | Tail vein/105 | NIS-MSC mediated concentration of iodine radioisotopes was detected in 74 % of tumors with a half-life period of 4 hours 124I as reporter probe for PET imaging provided better resolution and sensitivity |
Knoop et al., 2013 [53] | Mice (57) | Huh7-induced HCC model | Xenogeneic BMSCs | NIS | 131I (γ-camera) | Tail vein/105 | NIS-MSC mediated concentration of radioisotopes was detected in 67 % of tumors with a half-life period of 3.7 hours |
Kanazawa et al., 2011 [54] | Rats (24) | I/R injury model | Allogeneic BMSCs | LacZ Luc | X-gal (microscope) (BLI) | Portal vein/106 | BLI and histological findings showed that injected stem cells survived in the remnant liver for up to 168 hours LacZ-positive stem cells were mainly located around the periportal regions |