Fig. 2
Time-course and dose-response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production. Alveolar macrophages were seeded at 2 × 106/mL and, after adherence, treated for 1, 24, 48, and 72 h in the presence or absence of LPS (10 and 100 ng/mL). The release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were evaluated in conditioned medium by ELISA. Results are the mean of a minimum of four experiments ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test, with *p < 0.05 versus control cells