Fig. 1

Characterization of DiD-labeled human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs) showing the labeling efficiency and unaltered surface markers and proliferation in vitro. a The high efficiency of DiD labeling, comparing cells positive in the fluorescent image with those in the bright field (scale bars = 50 μm). b After labeling, haMSCs were positive for CD90 and CD105, and negative for the cocktail including CD34, CD11b, CD19, CD45, and HLA-DR, the same as the unlabeled haMSCs. c Cell viability assay by OD measurement with CCK8 kit confirmed no significant variation in proliferation capacity of labeled haMSCs at days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 compared with unlabeled haMSCs (no statistical significance)