Fig. 3

Autophagy responds rapidly to changing glucose conditions. Immortalized MSCs were cultured in physiologic (also called low in culture parlance; 1 g/L; 5.5 mM) or high (4.5 g/L; 25 mM) glucose media for 2 days and then changed to the corresponding opposite glucose concentration for up to 96 h. Myosin light chain 3 (LC3) levels were probed via immunoblot to assess autophagic response (a). The role of oxygen in the glucose response was also assessed by culturing the MSCs in a Biospherix hypoxic chamber at 4% and 1% oxygen in high and low glucose media for 4 days, followed by comparable LC3 blots (b). Shown are representative blots of three repeated studies. α-Actinin was used as a housekeeping control for all blots