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Fig. 1 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Bile acid: a potential inducer of colon cancer stem cells

Fig. 1

DCA and LCA induce increases in CSC markers. Quantitative real-time PCR showed significantly increased mRNA expression of CD44 (a), CD166 (b), and ALDHA1 (c) in HCoEpiC following incubation with 100 μM DCA or LCA for 72 h. Flow cytometric analysis of HCoEpiC showing an increased proportion of CD44-positive and CD166-positive cells following 12-day incubation in the absence (control) or presence of 100 μM DCA or LCA (d). DCA/LCA mediated the increase in spheroid formation by the CD44+CD166 CSC phenotype of HCoEpiC (e); photomicrographs showing spheroids formed in response to DCA or LCA at the end of the 12-day incubation period. For spheroid formation, CD44+CD166 cells were sorted by flow cytometry and 200–300 cells were seeded with B27 containing DMEM/F12 medium in 96-well low-attachment plates; 24 h after seeding, 100 μM DCA or LCA was added to the incubation medium, and cells were incubated for an additional 12 days. 0 Day, cell size at the time of plating. The sizes of spheres were photographed and measured on a 100 μm scale at a magnification of 400× using an Olympus microscope. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation of 15 sphere determinations. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with control. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey HSD test for multiple comparisons (e). DCA deoxycholic acid, LCA lithocholic acid

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