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Table 1 Summary of studies on disc culture of self-assembling chondrocytes or MSCs for in vitro cartilage formation

From: Extracellular matrix components and culture regimen selectively regulate cartilage formation by self-assembling human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo

Cell type

Source

Density (× 106/mm2)

Insert type

Substrate

Disc formation (Yes/No)

Thickness (mm)

Reference

Chondrocytes

Bovine MCC joint

0.050

Millicell PTFE

Type II collagen

Yes

-

[9]

Bovine MCC joint

0.016

Millicell PTFE

Type II collagen

Yes

0.3

[12]

Bovine MCC joint

0.160

-

CPP

Yes

0.94

[13]

Sheep MCC joint

0.160

-

CPP

Yes

0.5

[14]

Bovine hock joint

0.067

Millicell PTFE

Type II collagen

Yes

0.45

[15]

Bovine MCC joint

0.033

Millicell PTFE

Type II collagen

Yes

-

[16]

Bovine distal femur

0.172

-

Agarose

Yes

0.15

[17]

Bovine distal femur

0.289

-

Agarose

Yes

0.8

[18]

Human femoral cartilage

0.006

Millicell PTFE

Type I/Type II collagen

Yes

0.15

[19]

Human articular cartilage

0.102

-

Agarose

Yes

0.6

[20]

MSCs

Human BM

0.015

Corning PC

None

Yes

0.8

[8]

Porcine BM

0.392

Millicell PET

None

Yes

1.3

[21]

Human BM

0.015

Corning PC

None

No

-

[11]

Sheep BM

0.033

Millicell PTFE

Type IV collagen/CPP

Yes

0.5

[22]

Equine cord blood

0.033

Millicell

Fibronectin

Yes

0.1

[23]

Human BM

0.102

-

Agarose

No

-

[20]

  1. In some cases, MSCs failed to form discs
  2. MSC mesenchymal stem cell, MCC convex condyle of the metacarpus, CPP calcium polyphosphate, BM bone marrow