Table 1 Eligibility criteria of patients
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
− Age > 18 years − Wexner score ≥ 8 − Confirmation of external anal sphincter defect with endorectal ultrasonography − Patient consent for inclusion | − Pregnancy and breastfeeding − Participating in other trials within the past 30 days − History of artificial sphincter − Vaginal delivery within the past 6 months − Presence of chronic diseases − Allergy to bovine-derived materials − Autoimmune disease |