Fig. 2

Induced pluripotent stem cell-mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) inhibited CD14⁺ monocytes differentiating into DCs. a CD14⁺ monocytes were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 5 days to differentiate into immature dendritic cells (iDCs) in the presence or absence of MSCs, and cell surface markers were examined by flow cytometry. b The morphology of CD14⁺ monocytes (Mo) on day 0 (left), and in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 with (right) or without (middle) co-culture of urine cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (U-iPSC)-MSCs on day 5. White arrows: iDCs; black arrows: U-iPSC-MSCs. c Representative experiment on the expression of CD14, CD1a, CD86, CD80, HLA-DR, and CD83 on CD14⁺ monocytes (on day 0) or iDCs (day 5) with or without treatment with MSCs. Phenotypic analysis was performed by gating on the leukocyte subset according to the forward scatter and side scatter. Numbers represent mean fluorescence intensity. d Mean percentages of CD14- and CD1a-positive cells. Mean of the surface density of CD86, CD80, HLA-DR, and CD83 evaluated as MFI (“cytofluorimetric analysis”). The results were obtained from six independent experiments. Three different batches of BM-MSCs were used. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. A-iPSC amniocyte-derived induced pluripotent stem cell, BM bone marrow, P passage