Fig. 7

Cell-cell contact was the main mechanism responsible for the generation of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing DCs with the treatment of iPSC-MSCs. iPSC-MSC-DCs were prepared as in Fig. 3a. a Representative experiments assessing lymphocyte proliferation. b The role of cell-cell contact and soluble factors on the effects of iPSC-MSCs on the function of mature dendritic cells (mDCs) in lymphocyte proliferation. The findings were confirmed using U-iPSC-MSCs and A-iPSC-MSCs and the data represent the means ± SD of six independent experiments using U-iPSC-MSCs. ***P < 0.001. Anti-IL-10 anti-IL-10 neutralizing antibody, CFSE carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl diester, iPSC-MSC-DCs dendritic cells co-cultured with induced pluripotent stem cell-mesenchymal stem cells from day 5 to day 7 in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4, and LPS, PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cell