Treatment type | Intervention | Outcomes | Fresh/frozen | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Immunomodulation | Mice received 1 × 106 AD-MSCs by i.p. injection | Reversal of hyperglycaemia characterised by increased serum insulin, amylin, and GLP-1 levels. Downregulation of the CD4+ Th1-based immune response and expansion of Tregs in the pancreatic lymph nodes. | Fresh | [13] |
Mice received 1 × 105 MSCs either i.p. or i.v. | Reduced infiltration of T cells to pancreatic islets associated with preferential migration of MSCs to pancreatic lymph nodes. | Fresh | [14] | |
Mice received 0.5 × 106 MSCs administered systemically | Reduced blood glucose levels and an increase in morphologically normal pancreatic islets. | Fresh | [16] | |
Rats received 2–4 × 106 MSCs via tail vein injection | Enhanced insulin secretion and sustained normoglycaemia. Islets from treated rats co-expressed high levels of Pdx-1 and insulin. | Fresh | [17] | |
Mice received a co-transplantation of primary hBMSCs and human islets at serial ratios under the kidney capsule | Good blood glucose control and increased levels of serum insulin and C-peptide when islets were co-transplanted with hBMSCs. hBMSCs also increased the percentage of Tregs and prevented cytokine-induced loss-of-function of transplanted islets. | Fresh | [19] | |
Mice received 5 × 105 MSCs injected i.v. once a week for 4 weeks | BALB/c-MSC trafficked to the pancreatic lymph nodes of treated animals. Administration of BALB/c-MSC temporarily resulted in reversal of hyperglycaemia in 90% of treated animals. | Fresh | [30] | |
IPC differentiation | Chemical differentiation | BMSCs formed islet-like clusters containing IPCs that expressed multiple pancreatic genes. The clusters released insulin in a glucose-dependent manner and ameliorated diabetes in STZ-treated nude mice. | Fresh | [6] |
Chemical differentiation | BMSCs differentiated into IPCs and acquired islet-like architecture after transplantation, developed an endocrine gene expression profile and demonstrated glucose-responsive insulin secretion. Subcapsular renal transplantation of these aggregates lowered circulating blood glucose levels. | Fresh | [8] | |
Chemical differentiation | Differentiated BMSCs expressed multiple pancreatic genes and exhibited glucose-responsive insulin secretion. Transplantation into STZ-diabetic mice imparted reversal of hyperglycaemia and an improved IPGTT. | Fresh | [9] | |
Chemical differentiation | Differentiation cells expressed pancreatic genes and displayed glucose-responsive insulin secretion. Transplantation of differentiated cells into diabetic rats reduced blood sugar levels. | Fresh | [33] | |
Viral-mediated differentiation | Differentiated cells expressed all four islet hormones and demonstrated glucose-responsive insulin secretion. Cell transplantation into STZ-diabetic immune-deficient mice resulted in further differentiation, including induction of NeuroD1 and reduction of hyperglycaemia. | Fresh | [11] | |
Viral-mediated differentiation | hMSCs differentiated into IPCs that expressed multiple islet genes and released insulin/C-peptide in a weak glucose-responsive manner. Upon transplantation into STZ-diabetic mice, normoglycaemia was obtained within 2Â weeks and maintained for at least 42Â days. | Fresh | [12] | |
Viral-mediated differentiation | Differentiated AD-MSC expressed some islet genes and secreted increasing amounts of insulin in response to increasing concentrations of glucose. Transplantation in STZ-diabetic rats resulted in lowered blood glucose and higher glucose tolerance. | Fresh | [36] | |
Viral-mediated differentiation | Expression of Pdx1 in AD-MSCs did not induce the pancreatic phenotype in vitro. Upon transplantation, the cells engrafted in the pancreas, wherein they expressed insulin and C-peptide, significantly decreased blood glucose levels, and increased survival. | Fresh | [37] | |
Viral-mediated differentiation | Body weight in diabetic mice that received GFP-mMSCs expressing the human insulin gene was increased by 6% within 6Â weeks after treatment. | Fresh | [39] |