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Fig. 8 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 8

From: The crosstalk between vascular MSCs and inflammatory mediators determines the pro-calcific remodelling of human atherosclerotic aneurysm

Fig. 8

Inflammation enhances the mineralization process in ha-MSCs. a After inflammatory stimulation, ha-MSCs were cultured with specific osteogenic and adipogenic induction media for 21 and 14 days, respectively. b Calcium mineralization process was significantly marked under inflammatory conditions, mainly after AAA-PBMC influence as showed by Alizarin Red staining. Quantification values are represented as mean ± standard deviation and compared with induced ha-MSCs. c MMP-9 detection on osteogenic differentiated ha-MSCs was performed by immunofluorescence, revealing an appreciable staining only after osteogenic induction; 20× magnification. d Oil Red O staining of lipid droplets in ha-MSCs was reduced after priming cells with inflammatory cytokines, as shown by e PPAR-γ mRNA. Results expressed as fold changes relative to induced ha-MSCs. *p < 0.05. f Representative western blot analysis of PPAR-γ protein and relative densitometry after β-actin normalization (ImageJ software). PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TNF-α tumour necrosis factor alpha, IL interleukin, ha-MSC healthy aortic MSC, AAA-MSC abdominal aortic aneurysm MSC, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9, PPAR-γ peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma, ctrl control

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