Fig. 3

hPDSCs promote tissue regeneration and restore original stem cells. a Animal tissue slides were stained with CD31, EGFR and Ki67 to detect proliferation activity and to confirm stem cell existence, we checked the expression of lysozyme, as a Paneth cell marker, and Musashi-1, as an intestinal stem cell marker, which were measured by immunohistochemistry (×400 magnification). b Western blotting analysis was performed with indicated antibodies. Mitochondrial extracts were immunoblotted with anti-cytochrome c and β-actin. All bars represent the mean and SD of triplicate values respectively. c The TUNEL assay, p53, and survivin staining to confirm the apoptosis or anti-apoptosis, respectively (×400 magnification). All bars represent the mean and ST of triplicate values respectively. d Upper data showed that Occuludin1 as adhesion molecule expression using Western blotting. In upper data, animal tissue slides stained with ZO-1 antibody to determine adhesion index (magnification at × 400). Cell nucleus was stained with DAPI. All bars represent the mean and SD of triplicate values respectively. e Zymography for MMP-2 activity. Gelatinolytic activity was measured by zymography using small intestine homogenate. All these data are representative of three independent experiments. Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2, CD31 cluster of differentiation 31, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, MMP-2 matrix metalloproteinase-2, PARP poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, TUNEL terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling