From: Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes
Combination of factors | Original cell | Markers and efficiency | AP | Ca2+ transient | Beating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GMT [15] | CF, TTDF | cTnT+: 30% of α-MHC cells; α-actinin+: most of cTnT+ cells | + | + | + |
OSKM; JI1, BMP4 [29] | MEF | cTnT+: 40% | + | + | + |
GMT [16] | CF | α-MHC-EYFP+: ~40% at border zone | + | + | + |
miR-1,133,208,499; JAK inhibitor I [23] | CF | α-MHC-GFP+: ~28% | + | + | + |
GMT, Myocd, Srf, Mesp1, Smarcd3 [42] | MEF | Myh6.Egfp+: 2.4% | – | + | – |
Hand2, Nkx2.5, Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5 [43] | MEF, CF | Troponin T-GCaMP5+ activity: 1.6% | ND | + | + |
OSKM; PEG hydrogel [44] | MEF, TTF | Beat patch per cm2: 9.4% α-actinin+: 1.72 fold/control | ND | + | + |
GHMT, MyoD domain [45] | HF, LBF, TTF | cTnT+: 4.9% | ND | + | + |
GHMT and SB431542 [19] | CF | Troponin T-GCaMP5+ activity: 9.27% | ND | + | – |
GHMT, Myod domain [46] | HF | cTnT+: 19% | ND | + | + |
GMT, Mesp1, Myocd and miR-133 [28] | MEF, CF | α-MHC-GFP & cTnT+: 8.1%; α-actinin+: 19.9% | ND |  | – |
OCT4, SCPF [35] | MEF, TTF | beating clusters:~40/well of 24-well plate | + | + | + |
GHMT [47] | MEF, | Sarcomere+: ~32%; NPPA+: 35% of sarcomere+; MYL2+: 22% of sarcomere+ | + | ND | + |
GMT mRNA, C_lipo [17] | CF | α-MHC-GFP+: 0.5% of transfected CF | ND | ND | – |
miR-1, miR-133, miR-208, miR-499 [24] | CF | tdTomato+ Troponin T+:12% | + | ND | + |
OSKM, Ascorbic acid [48] | MEF | GATA4+: ~40%; MHC+: ~24% | + | ND | + |
CHIR99021, RepSox, Forskolin, VPA [30] | MEF, TTF | α-actinin+: 14.5%; α-MHC+: 9% | + | + | + |
GHMT, miR-1, miR-133, Y-27632, A83-01 [20] | MEF, AF | cTnT+: ~60% with A83-01; α-actinin+: ~60% with A83-01 | + | + | + |