Fig. 5

Surgical technique of bladder augmentation with AM-SF-ASC scaffolds and gross morphology of the bladder and urinary stones. a Gross view of BAMG-SF prior to implantation. b Gross view of BAMG-SF 1 week after subcutaneous prefabrication. c Removal of BAMG. d Anastomosis of the gap after injecting ASCs into the AM-SF scaffold. e 50% supra trigonal cystectomy was performed. f Anastomosis of the AM-SF-ASC scaffold into the bladder defect. g Gross observation and urinary stones 12 weeks postoperation of the AM-SF group. h Gross observation 12 weeks postoperation of the AM-SF-ASC group. The bladder above the black straight line was resected. The red arrows denote the sutures between native bladder and the repair area. Scale bars = 1 cm