Fig. 5

Comparison of effect of different cytokines on regulation of CXCR4. To compare the induction of CXCR4 expression by different cytokines, BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs were incubated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml), IL-3 (100 ng/ml), IL-17A (50 ng/ml) and TNF-α (50 ng/ml) independently for 24 hours. Fold change in percentage of CXCR4⁺ cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (a). Expression of MHC class I (b) and class II (c) molecules on MSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry after IL-3 treatment for 24 hours, and compared with respective untreated MSCs. Data shown as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p ≤ 0.05 and **p ≤ 0.01 vs control groups. AT adipose tissue, BM bone marrow, CTRL control, CXCR4 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4, GT gingival tissue, IL-3 interleukin-3, MSC mesenchymal stem cell