Fig. 2

Impaired vasculogenesis ability of CD106⁺/CD106^– BM-MSCs from aplastic anemia (AA) patients and controls (N) in vivo and in vitro. A Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and histochemical staining (CD31) were applied to BM biopsies in AA patients and healthy controls, and the results showed that hematopoietic tissues and blood vessels (brown tubular structure) were significantly reduced in AA patients (c,d) than in controls (a,b). B Capillary tube-like formation of unsorted mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs), CD106⁺ MSCs, and CD106^– MSCs from healthy controls (a, b, and c, respectively) and AA patients (d, e, and f, respectively). C In vivo vasculogenesis of unsorted MSCs, CD106⁺ MSCs, and CD106^– MSCs from healthy controls (a, b, and c, respectively) and AA patients (d, e, and f, respectively) using Matrigel plug assay. D In vivo vasculogenesis of unsorted MSCs, CD106⁺ MSCs, and CD106^– MSCs from healthy controls (a, b, and c, respectively) and AA patients (d, e, and f, respectively) using H&E staining. E (a) Quantification of capillary tube-like formation; (b) quantification of vasculogenesis using Matrigel plug assay; (c) quantification of in vivo vasculogenesis using H&E staining. F Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the supernatant of unsorted MSCs, CD106⁺ MSCs, and CD106^– MSCs from AA patients and healthy controls. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001