Fig. 2

Viability and MMP of human MSCs after 15 and 60 minutes of exposure to varying surfactant concentrations. The surfactant was cocultured with human MSCs at a ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:8 for 15 and 60 minutes. The cell viability was assessed through flow cytometry (a), and the MMP was assessed using the JC-1 red:green fluorescence ratio (b). The FACS quantitative analysis of changes in the mitochondrial potential of the inner membrane of MSCs. The results are presented as ratios of red:green fluorescence signals from each sample, indicating mitochondrial metabolism following the incubation of the cells with the surfactant, compared with the controls. The results are presented as the mean of the experiments performed in triplicate ± SD. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. controls