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Table 1 Disposition of study design & intervention characteristics

From: Safety and effectiveness of stem cell therapies in early-phase clinical trials in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study variable

Number of studies

Number of subjects

Studies included

26

844

Country

 United States

5

45

 United Kingdom

2

16

 Brazil

3

43

 China

4

366

 India

4

195

 South Korea

2

82

 Japan

2

24

 Spain

1

10

 Taiwan

1

30

 Cuba

1

5

 Russia

1

10

Stroke phase

 Hyper-acute/acute/sub-acute

15

597

 Chronic

12

247

 Stroke type

 Ischaemic

20

421

 Ischaemic + haemorrhagic

5

77

 Haemorrhagic

2

346

Stem cell characteristics

 Cell type

  Human bone marrow-derived MSC/MNC

18

698

  Human fetal neural stem/progenitor cells

3a

67

  Umbilical mesenchymal stem cells

1

14

  Porcine fetal cells

1

5

  Human embryonic neuronal cells

2

19

  Peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cells

1

30

 Cell source

  Allogeneic

8

134

  Autologous

18

710

 Route of administration

  Intra-arterial

6b

57

  Intracerebral

9c

405

  Intravenous

11b

332

  Intrathecal

2c

256

 Time between stroke onset and stem cell transplantation

  < 3 months

13d

567

  > 3 months

14d

283

Study design

 RCT

6

390

 Non-RCT (case–control design)

4

280

 Non-RCT (historic control)

1

10

 Single-arm open-label design

15

97

Provision of rehabilitation

 RCT

  Yes

4

 

  No

1

 

  Not reported

1

 

 Non-RCT

  Yes

1

 

  No

4

 

  Not reported

14

 
  1. MSC mesenchymal stem cells, MNC mononuclear cells, RCT randomised controlled trial
  2. aCo-transplantation of neural stem cells and umbilical cord MSC
  3. bOne study had two unmatched sequential cohorts investigated under different routes of administration
  4. bA treatment cycle in one study used transplants via intracerebral route followed by 4 weeks of intravenous infusion
  5. dOne study reported administration of stem cell therapy in two settings (1st setting before and 2nd after 3 months of stroke)