Fig. 5

Comparison of CD264 surface expression, proliferation potential, and differentiation potential of MSCs from young and older donors. Individual value plots depict P7 MSCs from age-matched male (circle) and female (triangle) donors separated into two chronological age groups: 20–40 and 45–60 years old. Parameters measured were percentage of CD264⁺ MSCs (a), doubling time (b), colony-forming efficiency (c), osteogenic potential (d), and adipogenic potential (e) as in Figs. 2 and 3. Median values are depicted as bars. Coefficient of variation (C _v ) given for each chronological age group and each measured parameter. Sample sizes: n = 3 biological replicates per donor culture; n = 6 donor cultures per chronological age group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, versus 20–40 years age group