Fig. 2

Transcription profiling of pacemaker- and working-type specific regulators and markers. Relative abundance of mRNA transcription, analysed by qRT-PCR. a–d SAN-related transcription factors; e–g myocardium-related transcription factors; h myocardial marker troponin I (cTnI). Data are provided as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, versus hRA; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001, dhiPSC versus PCC; comparison between multiple groups was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc test. Statistical significance compared to hiPSC is not indicated (p < 0.01 in every panel). hRA human right atrium (dark green), hSAN human sinoatrial node (green shaded), hiPSC human induced pluripotent stem cells (red), dhiPSC co-culture differentiated hiPSC (blue), PCC pacemaker cell clusters (purple)