Fig. 3

Induction of PGE2 secretion in preconditioned MSCs through the COX-2-dependent pathway. MSCs were preconditioned with IFN-γ plus TNF-α (I + T, 20 ng/ml each), LPS (20 μg/ml) plus TNF-α (L + T), LPS alone (L), or TNF-α alone (T) for 3 days, and replaced with fresh media with or without Celecoxib (25 μM) to modulate COX2 signaling. After 24 hours of incubation, the supernatants were collected, and PGE2 production was quantified by ELISA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. COX2 cyclooxygenase-2, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, PGE2 prostaglandin E2