Fig. 5
CS-C recruits macrophages and T cells in early repair stages dependent on SDF1. a Immunofluorescence staining of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) in the wound area in the control, BMSC sheets induced without curcumin (CS-N), and BMSC sheets induced by curcumin (CS-C) groups at 7 days post-operation (40×, 50 μm) (n = 4 mice/group). b Gene expression of SDF1 in the control, CS-N, and CS-C groups in vitro. c Gene expression of SDF1 in the wound area at 7 days post-operation. d Immunofluorescence staining of CD45+ leukocytes in the wound area in the control, CS-N, and CS-C groups at 7 days post-operation with AMD3100 or without (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) instead of AMD3100) (40×, 50 μm) (n = 4 mice/group). e Macrophage chemotaxis in the control, CS-N, and CS-C groups at 24 and 48 h (20×, 50 μm). f Quantification of the SDF1 intensity at 7 days-post-operation. g Quantification of the number of migrated macrophages. h Quantification of the number of CD45+ cells at 7 days post-operation. i Gene expression of Cxcr4 in the control, CS-N, and CS-C groups at 7 days post-operation with or without AMD3100 (n = 5 mice/group). j Expression levels of Tnfα, iNOS (signature genes of M1 macrophages), and Ifnγ, Tbx21 (signature genes of TH1 cells) by RT-PCR at 7 days-post-operation. k Expression levels of Relmα, Arg1 (signature genes of M2 macrophages), and IL4, Jag2 (signature genes of TH2cells) by RT-PCR (n = 5 mice/group). ANOVA: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001