Influenza virus | Hemagglutination at EV concentrations (μg/ml) |
|---|
10 | 5 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 0.625 |
|---|
Swine/TX/1998; H3N2 | – | – | + | + | + |
Human/CA/09; H1N1 | – | – | – | – | + |
Swine/MN/08; H1N1 | – | – | + | + | + |
Gull/MD/1995; H9N5 | – | – | + | + | + |
Chicken/NY/1995; H7N2 | – | – | – | – | + |
- Eight HA units of swine, human, and avian origin influenza viruses were incubated with different concentrations of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) or medium control at room temperature for 20 min; 50 μl 1% turkey red blood cells were then added to the wells and MSC-EV-mediated inhibition of HA by influenza viruses was examined. Results are representative of three different experiments using EVs derived from MSCs isolated from three different pigs
