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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Delivery of VEGFA in bone marrow stromal cells seeded in copolymer scaffold enhances angiogenesis, but is inadequate for osteogenesis as compared with the dual delivery of VEGFA and BMP2 in a subcutaneous mouse model

Fig. 2

Adenoviral (ad) vector-mediated combined delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) led to upregulation of osteogenic and angiogenic molecules in vitro. ad-GFP, ad-VEGFA, or ad-BMP2 + VEGFA BMSC (5 × 104) were seeded in each scaffold and harvested at 3 and 14 days for custom polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and TaqMan-based qRT-PCR. a, b Unsupervised hierarchical clustering demonstrated two separate clusters consisting of replicates of ad-BMP2 + VEGFA, and replicates of ad-GFP and ad-VEGFA BMSC at both time points. c ANOVA disclosed that ALPL, BMP7, BMP6, FLT1, and PGF mRNA levels were found to be significantly upregulated at 3 days in ad-BMP2 + VEGFA BMSC. d More osteogenic markers were significantly induced at 14 days in ad-BMP2 + VEGFA BMSC compared with the ad-GFP and ad-VEGFA BMSC groups. Error bars represent SEM of three biological replicates (n = 3) performed in three technical replicates. ANOVA test with Bonferroni post hoc analysis was applied in c and d. e Representative images demonstrating higher alkaline phosphatase activity in ad-BMP2 + VEGFA BMSC in monolayer culture as compared with the ad-GFP and ad-VEGFA BMSC at 3 and 14 days. Experiments were repeated at least three times. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *P < 0.05. GFP green fluorescent protein, ns not significant

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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512