Table 1 Some roles of MSCs in OS
Function | Source of MSCs or other related cells | Type of OS cells | Relevant molecules or genes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Differentiating to OS | Mouse bone marrow and adipose tissue | / | P53 knockout | [14] |
| Â | Â | / | P53 and Rb knockout | [14] |
| Â | Mouse bone marrow | / | c-MYC overexpression and Ink4a/Arf knockout | [15] |
| Â | Osteochondrocyte progenitors | / | c-MYC overexpression and Ink4a/Arf knockout | [15] |
| Â | Human bone marrow | / | c-Myc overexpression and Rb silencing | [12] |
| Â | Mouse | / | Loss of Cdkn2a/p16 | [17] |
| Â | Osteogenic lineage-committed progenitor cells | / | P53 and Rb knockout | [13] |
Promoting proliferation | Bone marrow | Tumorigenic MSCs | Gene (Fut-7, H2-K1, and H2-D1)↑; Gene (Est1)↓ | [21] |
Bone marrow | HOS-CSC | TGF-β-dependent IL-6 secretion | [24] | |
Human | 9607-F5M2 | CXCR4-mediated high expression of VEGF | [26] | |
Human | Saos-2 | CCL5 secreted by hMSCs | [30] | |
| Â | Human adipose tissue | MG63, HOS, and 143B cells | IL6 secretion induced by OS EVs | [27] |
Promoting metastasis | Bone marrow | UMR-106 | High expression of VEGF | [25] |
Human | 9607-F5M2 | CXCR4-mediated high expression of VEGF | [26] | |
Human | Saos-2 | CCL5 secreted by human MSCs | [30] | |
Bone marrow and adipose tissue | MG-63, Saos-2, and HOS | IL6, IL8, CCL5, GM-CSF, CXCL1, and CXCL5 secreted by activated MSCs, promoting stemness | [33] | |
Human adipose tissue | MG63, HOS, and 143B cells | IL-6 secretion-induced by OS EVs | [27] | |
Strengthening drug resistance | Bone marrow and adipose tissue | MG-63, Saos-2, and HOS | IL6, IL8, CCL5, GM-CSF, CXCL1, and CXCL5 secreted by activated MSCs, promoting stemness | [33] |
Human bone marrow | Saos-2 and U2-OS | IL-6/STAT3 signaling | [40] | |
Inhibiting proliferation and migration | Wharton’s jelly | MG-63 | Beclin-1 and LC3B | [41] |