Fig. 2

Optimal concentration of TH for inducing osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. a DPSCs cultured in OM or RM with or without TH at concentrations ranging from 10^–8 to 10^–5 M. After 21 days, cells were stained with Alizarin Red S to detect matrix mineralization (n = 5). b After incubation for 72 h, proliferation rates of DPSCs in presence or absence of TH were determined using Cell Counting Kit (n = 5). c After treatment as in (a), RT-PCR performed to measure the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation makers in DPSCs (n = 5). Error bars represent SD. Statistical significance determined by one-way ANOVA (*p < 0.05). TH 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[40,30:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide, OM osteogenic medium, RM regular medium